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words you should know

the you in question is me. for the last several years i have been keeping an inconsistent list of words // terms that i have looked up. in most cases, definitions pulled directly from a dictionary or from wikipedia.

A


  • abreaction -- the expression + emotional discharge of unconscious material [repressed thoughts // emotions] by verbalisation.
  • abrogation --  the repeal or abolition of a law, right, or agreement.
  • acephalous -- not having a head.
  • acme -- the point at which something is at its best or most highly developed.
  • adiaphorisation -- the social production of moral indifference.
  • agglutination -- [linguistics] morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes, each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature.
  • aleatory -- depending on the throw of a dice // random.
  • amaurosis -- partial or complete loss of sight occurring especially without an externally perceptible change in the eye.
  • amaurotic -- pertaining to amaurosis.
  • anemoia -- [neologism] nostalgia for a time or place one has never known.
  • anodyne -- not likely to cause offense or disagreement // somewhat dull.
  • anomie -- lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group.
  • anthography -- branch of botany that deals with the description of flowers
  • antinomy -- real or apparent mutual incompatibility of two laws. 
  • apokatastasis -- the restoration of creation to a condition of perfection.
  • apotheosis -- the glorification of a subject to divine levels.
  • aporia -- unresolvable internal contradiction or logical disjunction in a text, argument or theory.
  • asepsis -- the absence of pathogenic [harmful] organisms.
  • asymptotic -- [geometry] an asymptote of a curve is a straight line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the x or y coordinated tends to infinity.
  • atavistic - primal // describing feelings or qualities that human beings have had from the earliest times.
  • attenuate - reduce the force, effect or value of.
  • autochthones // autochthony -- [ancient greece] indigenous inhabitants of a country and those of their descendants who kept themselves free from an admixture of colonising entities.
  • axiom -- a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

B


  • boondoggle -- an unnecessary, wasteful, or fraudulent project.

C


  • calque -- [linguistics] loan translation // word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.
  • cathexis -- the concentration of mental energy on one particular person, idea, or object [especially to an unhealthy degree].
  • cavilling -- to raise annoying or petty objections.
  • chiasmus -- rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect.
  • commensurable -- measurable by the same standard.
  • commutation -- exchange // trade // replacement.
  • concatenation -- a series of events, ideas or things that are connected.
  • consecration -- the act or process of officially making something holy and able to be used for religious ceremonies.
  • continuum -- something that changes in character gradually or in very slight stages without any clear dividing points.
  • count noun -- [linguistics] a noun that can be modified by a quantity & can occur in both singular and plural forms as well as co-occur with quantificational determiners such as every, each, several, etc. in opposition to a mass noun [example: chair is a count noun, whereas furniture is a mass noun]. 

D


  • delimitation -- the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something.
  • demagogy -- the action or fact of winning support by exciting the emotions of ordinary people rather than by having good or morally right ideas.
  • denaturalise -- strip of citizenship.
  • diachronic -- concerned with the way in which something, especially language, has developed and evolved through time.
  • disaggregation -- separation into component parts.
  • discolourous -- [of leaves] having upper and lower surfaces of different colours.
  • disjunctive -- lacking connection or consistency.

E


  • endogenous -- having internal cause or origin. 
  • episteme -- system of knowledge.
  • eschatology -- the part of theology concerned with death, judgement + the final destiny of the soul // humankind. 
  • etiological -- causing or contributing to the development of a disease or condition // serving to explain something by giving a cause of reason for it, often in historical or mythic terms. 
  • eudaimonia -- the state or condition of good spirit, central concept in aristotelian ethics.
  • exigency -- urgent need or demand. 
  • exogenous -- having external cause or origin. 
  • exoteric -- intended for or likely to be understood by the general population. 

F


  • faux frais -- incidental operating expenses incurred in the productive investment of capital, which do not themselves add new value to output.
  • fossick -- [aust.] to rummage or search // to search for gold or gemstones, typically by picking over abandoned workings.
  • feuilleton -- [france] supplement attached to the political portion of french newspapers, consisting of non-political news and gossip, literature and art criticism, the latest fashions, etc.

G


  • gestalt -- something [such as a structure or experience] that, when considered as a whole, has qualities that are more than the sum of its parts.
  • gnomic -- expressed in the nature of short pithy maxims // difficult to understand because enigmatic or ambiguous.

H


  • habitus -- [sociology] [bourdieu] the way that people perceive and respond to the social world they inhabit by way of their personal habits, skills, and disposition of character.
  • hachures -- [cartography] short lines laid down in a pattern to indicate direction/steepness of slope.
  • hermeneutics -- branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, particularly biblical + literary texts.
  • hetairism -- social system characterised by regarding women as common property // the practice of concubinage.
  • heterodox -- contrary to or different from an acknowledged standard, a traditional form, or an established religion.
  • heteronomy -- an action that is influenced by a force outside the individual // being ruled, governed, or under the sway of another. 
  • heuristic -- enabling someone to learn or discover something by themselves.
  • hypercathexis -- [freudian] excessive concentration of desire upon a particular object.
  • hypotactic -- marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them [example: "i am tired because it is hot."]

I


  • imbroglio -- an extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation.
  • individuation -- the manner in which a thing is identified as distinct from other things.
  • instantiate -- to represent an abstraction by a concrete instance.
  • integument -- something that covers or encloses, particularly an enveloping layer [skin membrane // cuticle] of an organism or one of its parts.
  • interdict -- [noun] an authoritative prohibition, [verb] to prohibit or forbid.
  • invidious -- likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger in others // unfairly discriminating or unjust.
  • involution -- the state or quality of having many interrelated parts or aspects -or- a contraction // shrinking.
  • isonomy -- the equality before the law of the citizens of a state // the equality of civil or political rights.

L


  • lacuna -- unfilled space // gap.
  • laïcité -- [france] separation of church and state.

M


  • maginot line -- a line of concrete fortifications built by france in the 1930s to deter invasion by nazi germany and force them to move around the fortifications.
  • manichean -- black and white // dualistic cosmology of struggle between good and evil.
  • mendicant -- relying chiefly or exclusively on alms to survive.
  • metaphysical -- relating to the part of philosophy that is about understanding existence and knowledge.
  • modal -- of or relating to structure as opposed to substance.
  • monad // monadic -- an indivisible, impenetrable unit of substance viewed as the basic constituent element of physical reality in the metaphysics of leibniz.
  • morphological -- [biology] related to the scientific study of the structure and form of animals and plants.
  • morphological -- [language] related to the study of the form of words and phrases.

N


  • nomos -- [sociology] habit or custom of social and political behaviour that is socially constructed and historically specific.

O


  • operationalization -- [research design] the process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon which is not directly measurable // defines a fuzzy concept so as to make it clearly distinguishable, measurable and understandable by empirical observation.

P


  • palingenesis -- concept of rebirth or re-creation.
  • panegyric -- [noun] a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or a thing.
  • panoply -- an extensive or impressive collection [in ancient greek -- a full suit of armour].
  • paroxysm -- a sudden violent emotion or action.
  • peripeteia -- a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances. 
  • perspicuous -- clearly expressed // easy to understand.
  • phenomenology -- philosophical study of experience and consciousness.
  • plenipotentiary -- having full power to take independent action.
  • polysemic -- single sign with multiple meanings. 
  • postulate -- [noun] an idea that is suggested or accepted as a basic principle before a further idea is formed or developed from it.
  • praeteritio -- rhetorical term for the argumentative strategy of calling attention to a point by seeming to disregard it. virtually identical to apophasis and paralepsis.
  • privation -- a lack of the basic things that are necessary for an acceptable standard of living.
  • privative -- marked by the absence or loss of some quality or attribute that is normally present. 
  • prosopopoeia -- rhetorical device in which a non-human element speaks or is spoken to as a human.

S


  • saturnine -- cold and steady in mood // slow to act or change // of a gloomy or surly disposition.
  • semiurgy -- the production of new meanings by the creation of new signs // the expansion of the semiosphere.
  • sempiternal -- eternal and unchanging // everlasting.
  • sinicize -- make chinese in character or form.
  • sophistry -- the use of clever but false arguments in order to deceive.
  • stochastic -- involving a random variable, chance, or probability. 
  • subjectivism -- the doctrine that our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience. there is no external or objective truth.
  • sui generis -- in a class by itself // unique.
  • sumptuary -- relating to personal expenditure, particularly to prevent extravagance + luxury // designed to regulate extravagant expenditures or habits, especially on moral or religious grounds [i.e. sumptuary laws].
  • suzerainty -- the right of a country to partly control another.
  • swale -- [landform] a shady spot, or a sunken or marshy place. artificial swales are often infiltration basins, designed to manage water runoff, filter pollutants, + increase rainwater infiltration.
  • syllogism -- a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

T


  • teleology -- [philosophy] the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than the cause by which they arise.
  • tendentious -- expressing or intending to promote a particular cause or point of view, especially a controversial one.
  • torsion -- a twisting force // torturous and twisted shape or position.

V


  • vitalism -- the philosophical doctrine that the phenomena of life cannot be explained in purely mechanical terms because there is something immaterial which distinguishes living matter from inanimate matter.

Z


  • zozobra -- [spanish] word for existential anxiety and deep gloom // a mode of being that incessantly oscillates between two possibilities, between two affects, without knowing which one of those to depend on [emilio uranga, 1952].
114 word[s]
updated: 03-07-26